Book excerpt: Despite substantial progress in the development of neuroimaging methodologies, translational applications of neuroimaging remain scarce. This Research Topic invites article submissions that present promising neuroimaging applications and methods addressing critical needs for improving health outcomes. These may include Original Research, Clinical Trial, Systematic Review or Methods articles that investigate neuroimaging metrics as outcome measures or in combination with neural perturbation techniques (e.g., neurofeedback, neurostimulation), other translational applications (e.g., guiding neurosurgery). To foster debate, we also welcome critical Review, Opinion, and Perspective articles that survey the field and its progress towards clinical utility.