Book excerpt: Building on the success of Updates in Ocular Therapeutics and Surgery, we are pleased to launch Volume II of this Research Topic. Ophthalmology is a field of medicine that has grown rapidly during the last few decades. Several new and promising treatments have become available for eye conditions, including age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic macular oedema, genetic disorders, uveitis and inflammations. On the other hand, recent technological developments and advanced surgical techniques have drastically changed the daily practice of eye surgeons, with new surgical options resulting in safer, faster, and more precise surgery. This Research Topic aims to summarise modern therapeutic and surgical approaches on ocular diseases, adding a valuable contribution to our existing knowledge, to describe the current state-of-the-art, as well as to provide directions for future research.