Book excerpt: Claude Monet's Water Lilies are widely recognized as a celebration of nature and a call to visual experience. The skilled brushwork, vivid color, and immersive quality of the paintings suspend thoughts of the outside world and its concerns. And yet, when one realizes that these works were made during a period of social and political turmoil--rapid changes of government, the Dreyfus Affair, and the destruction and devastation of World War I--questions arise about the personal, cultural, and historical contexts within which they were created. In this book, James H. Rubin explores these conditions and shows how Monet's work--said to be a harbinger of abstraction--appeals not only to the eye but to something deep in modern consciousness. The myth of Impressionism is that it was reviled and misunderstood, but by the 1890s Monet was rich by anyone's standards, and his works were considered French cultural treasures. Monet was featured in a propaganda film in response to German militarism, and he was persuaded by Georges Clemenceau to donate a number of his Water Lilies to the French nation following the Treaty of Versailles. Taking this into account, Rubin uncovers how the theme of floating lily pads served political ends, exposing relationships between Monet's apparently subject-free art and its material circumstances in the modern world. Engagingly written, masterfully argued, and featuring over 150 illustrations, Why Monet Matters is a seminal study of an artist who had the will and talent to remain relevant to his time without conceding to its fashions. Scholars, students, and those who appreciate Monet and Impressionism will value and learn from this book.